湖南仁里稀有金属矿床岩相学和矿物学特征及其地质意义——以5号脉ZK708号钻孔为例     

周芳春  李鹏  刘翔  李广  黄志飚  李建康  成永生  苏俊男  张立平  陈虎  黄小强  雒小荣  桂云  文春华 《矿床地质》2021,40(4):753-775

仁里矿床是中国近年新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,文章针对其稀有金属矿化富集规律、成岩成矿演化特征及找矿标志等问题,以5号主矿脉钻孔ZK708全孔岩芯及岩体内、外伟晶岩为研究对象,采用了电子探针、能谱仪分析和全岩地球化学分析等方法,开展了伟晶岩岩相学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究工作.研究结果表明:①仁里矿床伟晶岩岩性比较复杂,不同岩性伟晶岩相互穿插,为同期次不同阶段的结果,经历了多阶段的岩浆-热液活动,铌钽等稀有金属矿化与多阶段岩浆-热液活动密切相关,铌钽等稀有金属矿物主要赋存于粗-中粒、粗粒白云母钠长石伟晶岩中,随着伟晶岩粒度的增加,铌钽等稀有金属矿化具有逐渐增加的趋势;②仁里矿床伟晶岩为LCT(Li-Cs-Ta)型伟晶岩,经历了不同阶段的岩浆-热液活动,多阶段的热液活动(尤其是富P、F热液流体)为Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步富集提供了热源和物质来源,促使Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步释出和富集;不同世代矿物出现在伟晶岩熔体-溶液不同演化阶段.磷灰石和粒状、叶片状钠长石可做为本区铌钽等稀有金属矿产的重要找矿标志.  相似文献   

广东省揭阳市土壤铅的空间分布特征及影响因素     

臧传子  温汉辉  蔡立梅  罗杰  徐述邦  梅敬娴 《现代地质》2021,35(5):1425-1432

以广东省揭阳市土壤为研究对象,采集了表层土壤(0~20 cm)样1 330个和深层土壤(>150 cm)样331个,测定了土壤Pb含量。利用GIS空间分析技术、半变异函数拟合和方差分析等方法研究土壤Pb含量的空间结构、特征和影响因素。结果显示: 揭阳市不存在明显的土壤Pb污染,表层土壤Pb含量平均值39.26 mg/kg,低于揭阳市土壤Pb背景值(43.71 mg/kg),略高于广东省土壤Pb背景值(36.00 mg/kg);富集因子表明研究区表层土壤Pb富集程度主要为无富集和轻微富集,分别占52.11%和42.63%,Pb富集不明显;研究区表层土壤Pb空间分布呈中等自相关性;表层土壤Pb高值区主要分布在人类活动影响强烈的东部和南部地区。按土地利用、成土母质、土壤类型及其理化性质的分类统计表明,林地及未利用地表层土壤Pb含量最高;页岩风化形成的土壤Pb含量显著高于其他成土母质区土壤;黄壤Pb含量相对较高;有机碳和pH值均与土壤Pb含量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘祁连山三叠系砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其物源分析     

吴龙  柳长峰  刘文灿  张宏远 《现代地质》2021,35(5):1178-1193

三叠系沉积物广泛覆盖青藏高原东北缘,其中松潘—甘孜地区三叠系的沉积物得到了较系统的研究,但是青藏高原北缘的祁连山三叠系盆地的研究却较为缺乏。为了丰富相关研究和揭示区域构造演化的特点,通过古水流方向统计、砂岩中碎屑矿物统计和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年等方法对祁连山三叠纪盆地物源进行系统研究。结果表明,祁连山三叠系盆地的古流向主要有南东向、正南向、南西向,物源来自岩浆弧和大规模褶皱造山作用的混合区。祁连山三叠系砂岩中的碎屑锆石的年龄谱主要峰值集中在250~290 Ma、360~460 Ma、1 600~2 000 Ma和2 200~2 600 Ma这4个年龄段。通过对比分析华北板块、华南板块中和秦祁昆中央造山带中岩浆锆石年龄谱特征可知:1 600~2 000 Ma和2 200~2 600 Ma年龄段的锆石来自华北板块,360~460 Ma年龄段的锆石来自北祁连造山带,250~290 Ma年龄段的锆石来自东昆仑的火山岛弧。此外,600~1 000 Ma年龄段锆石很少,这些锆石来自扬子板块,表明在三叠纪扬子克拉通和华北克拉通发生碰撞形成了秦岭造山带,阻断了来自扬子克拉通的物源。  相似文献   

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin     

XIONG Lianqiao  XIE Xiaojun  ZHAO Zhao  ZHANG Chunyu  WANG Long  LIAO Jihu  CAI Lulu  XU Wei 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):248-258

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km²and the volume is 50 km³.Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.  相似文献   

Geochronology, Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Characteristics of the Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China     

XIE Wei  WEN Shouqin  ZHANG Guangliang  TANG Tieqiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1611-1633

The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range (NE China) consists of quartz-sulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization, related to granite porphyry. Hydrothermal alteration is well-developed and includes potassic-silicic-sericitic alteration, phyllic alteration and propylitic alteration. Three stages of mineralization are recognized on the basis of field evidence and petrographic observation, demarcated by assemblages of quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite (early stage), quartz-polymetallic sulfide (intermediate stage) and quartz-carbonate-pyrite (late stage). Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 146.7 ± 1.2 Ma (Late Jurassic). Microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy shows that ore minerals were deposited in conditions of intermediate temperatures (175–359°C), low salinity (0.5–9.3 wt% NaCl eqv.) and low density (0.60–0.91 g/cm3). Ore-forming fluids were derived largely from magmatic hydrothermal processes, with late-stage addition of meteoric water, belonging to a H2O-NaCl-CO2 ± CH4 system. The δ34SV-CDT values range from 0.75‰ to 4.70‰. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values of the ore minerals are in the ranges of 18.240–18.371, 15.542–15.570, and 38.100–38.178, respectively. Data for the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore-forming metals and sulfur were derived from Mesozoic magma. Based on the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study, we conclude that the Dongjun deposit is a mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit controlled by fractures and related to granite porphyry, in response to Late Jurassic tectonic–magmatic–hydrothermal activity. We further conclude that fluid immiscibility, fluid mixing and fluid-rock interactions were the dominant mechanisms for deposition of the ore-forming materials.  相似文献   

激光钻进煤岩技术的研究进展     

王玉丹  罗耀坤  文国军  吴玲玲  官东林  姚邹 《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(1):297-302

激光钻进技术是一种极具潜力的创新技术,也是钻探领域的研究热点。作为一种非接触式钻进技术,对破碎松软岩层扰动破坏小,将激光钻进应用于煤层气定向钻进中可发挥出非常明显的优势。梳理和总结了激光用于煤岩钻进的成孔机制、钻进效果的影响因素。在激光钻进过程中,激光与煤岩相互作用伴随着复杂的理化作用,指出激光钻进煤岩主要的成孔机制是烧蚀成孔。从激光参数、岩石性质、外部环境等方面阐述了影响激光钻进煤岩效果的因素,论述了激光钻进用于煤岩这一特定钻进对象的特殊现象和问题,指出煤岩在激光照射下,组分的挥发、热解、升华、烧结和氧化构成了煤岩在高温下主要的热烧蚀机制。从钻进机理、工艺、装置等方面着手,建议加强激光钻进煤岩的多物理场耦合作用机制、钻进工艺、钻进装置研制等适应性研究,为激光用于煤岩的高质高效钻进研究提供参考。   相似文献   

土洞型岩溶塌陷发育过程气体示踪试验研究——以广州金沙洲为例     

李卓骏  蒙彦  董志明  贾龙  潘宗源  管振德  周富彪 《中国岩溶》2021,40(2):238-245

运用气体示踪进行土洞型岩溶塌陷监测预警是一种比较新的技术方法,其原理是通过气体在不同形状、规模的土体孔隙、裂缝和土洞中的运移规律研究,分析气体特征值与土体变形破坏的关系,进而间接判断土洞的发育情况,实现岩溶塌陷监测预警。本文以广州市金沙洲岩溶塌陷区为例,通过室内物理模型试验再现了土洞发育、形成到地面塌陷的全过程。运用气体示踪技术,按照土洞形成、土洞发育、土洞堵塞、土洞扩大和土洞塌陷五个过程,研究气体浓度、气体聚集时间等参数指标与土洞不同发育阶段的关系。结果表明:①土洞型岩溶塌陷发育程度与示踪气体浓度存在对应关系,气体浓度升高反映了土体变形破坏的进一步发育;②土体变形破坏程度与示踪气体浓度总体呈正相关关系,距离地面塌陷点越近浓度越高;③土体变形破坏程度与示踪气体浓度达到峰值浓度时间存在对应关系,距离地面塌陷点越近,气体浓度达到峰值的时间越快。根据以上试验结果,运用气体示踪技术进行土洞型岩溶塌陷监测预警是可行的,后期应探索预警阈值并进行野外现场实际验证。   相似文献   

新元古代微生物成锰作用——来自扬子北缘城口地区陡山沱组锰质叠层石的证据     

张懿  陈龙  李建  黄治清  王东歌  韦轶  史强  吴庆铭  旷红伟  柳永清 《地球科学进展》2021,36(10):1052-1076

叠层石菱锰矿被认为是生物成锰的证据,但少见相关报道.扬子北缘城口地区陡山沱组菱锰矿层中叠层石十分发育,但研究程度较低,其生长机制不明确,其是否是叠层石或者是附枝藻(Epiphyton)仍具有争议.从岩心描述与薄片观察出发,详细描述了研究区锰质叠层石的宏观和微观特征,根据其发育规模及形态特征将其划分为6种类型:微型分叉柱状叠层石、微型指状叠层石、指状叠层石、层状叠层石、柱状叠层石及层—柱状叠层石.研究表明,研究区柱状锰质叠层石直径一般小于l cm,具同步生长特征,与假裸枝叠层石(Pseudogymnosolenaceae)特征相似.研究区微小型、宏体型叠层石基本层常呈有立柱结构的板状,这种基本层由树形石及微型叠层石组成,而不是附枝藻.叠层石与核形石、鲕粒共生,形成于碳酸盐岩台地边缘礁滩及滩后泻湖环境.研究区锰质叠层石垂向演化从指状向层状演化为主,指示陡山沱组沉积末期水体逐渐变浅.锰质叠层石微观结构以凝块结构为主,具有丝状、球状和放射状等微生物岩显微结构.锰质叠层石记录了碳酸锰精美的原始沉积结构,暗示微生物参与了锰元素的沉积成矿作用.  相似文献   

北极多年冻土区埋地输气管道周边温度场数值分析     

李欣泽  金会军  吴青柏  魏彦京  温智 《地球科学进展》2021,36(1):69-82

以北极规划输气管道工程为依托,建立埋地管道与冻土热交换相互作用数值计算模型,探究了埋地管道在连续多年冻土区、非连续多年冻土区和季节冻土区内,按照不同操作温度(5、-1和-5℃)运行情况下管道周围冻土温度演化过程.计算结果表明:同一区域不同管温对冻土上限值影响差异较大,尤其是在非连续多年冻土区,无论管道是正温输送还是负温输送,由于管道的运营,极大地影响了冻土上限值.5℃正温管道将导致冻土上限下降1～3倍管径;-1℃和-5℃负温管道将有助于提高冻土人为上限.建议在连续多年冻土区管道采用-1℃输送温度;在非连续多年冻土区冬季采用-1℃输送温度,夏季可以是正温,接近环境大气温度,但全年输气平均温度要小于0℃;在季节冻土区,若按照负温输送,反而容易引起管基土冻胀,建议输气温度不作特别控制,与温带地区管道类似,正温输送.希望能够为北极多年冻土区天然气管道建设提供新的思路.  相似文献   

幸福河评价体系及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

左其亭  郝明辉  姜龙  张志卓 《水科学进展》2021,32(1):45-58

幸福河是中国新时代江河治理的新目标,对保障河流健康及经济社会可持续发展意义重大。为定量评价幸福河状况,本文通过对幸福河概念内涵的进一步梳理,提出幸福河评价体系;以安全运行、持续供给、生态健康、和谐发展"四大判断准则"为框架,按"目标-准则-指标"三层级,构建幸福河评价指标体系,包括基本指标16个、备选指标34个;参考相关规范、标准文件和研究成果,将幸福河评价指标划分为5个等级,分别给出各指标5个等级的分级标准值;引入"幸福河指数"来定量评价河流幸福河状态,采用"单指标量化-多指标综合-多准则集成"方法,定量计算幸福河指数。最后,以黄河为例,分别对2017年黄河上中下游分段、支流渭河以及流经的9个省区开展幸福河评价的实例应用。经验证,所提出的幸福河评价体系能较好地反映黄河客观实际,具有较强的可靠性和适用性。  相似文献